Comprehensive assessment of greenness of ICP-OES methods for determination of metals

This paper evaluates the greenness of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) methods for determination metal and metalloid.ICP-OES is a precise technique for multi-element quantification, making it vital for environmental monitoring by detecting trace levels of toxic elements like cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic.Using greenness assessment tools such as GAPI (Green Analytical Procedure Printed Leather Wallet Index), MoGAPI (Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index), AGREE (Analytical GREEnness Metric), Party Bag Fillers AGREEprep (Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation), BAGI (Blue Applicability Grade Index) and ChlorTox (Chloroform oriented Toxicity Estimation Scale), 16 methods were evaluated for their environmental sustainability.These tools provide insights into the eco-friendliness of selected ICP-OES techniques, highlighting its benefits for greener and safer analytical processes.